Aviation Industry Essays -- Informative, Aviation

General Aviation Brief History: The civil aviation world consists of two categories according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): scheduled airline service and general aviation (FAA, n.d.). The Aviation industry as we know it today was born from General Aviation (GA), and both their histories are inextricably linked. People’s ambition to fly stretches back to ancient times, of tales and legends passed down from Greek civilizations, and a passionate drive to master the sky. It is in this same spirit that GA currently resides. The enthusiasm people have for aviation is arguably, unrivalled. There’s a strong sense of camaraderie within the GA industry, a sense of bravado that lends itself to any such death defying occupation. The current GA industry is comprised of two parts: Private operators, described as those who fly without compensation and Charter operators, describes as those who operator for compensation (FAA, n.d.). As of today, general aviation makes up more than 1 percent of the U.S . Gross Domestic Product and supports almost 1.3 million high-skilled jobs in professional services and manufacturing and hence is an important component of the aviation industry and the economy as a whole (AOPA, n.d.). The aforementioned divisions of GA can be further defined, per the FAA’s Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR), as Part 91 and Part 135 operators: ïÆ'â€" Part 91: These regulations are in place for aircraft owners that operate for non-commercial purposes. These are typically private individual or corporations that fly without compensation. ïÆ'â€" Part 135: These consist of aircraft that fly for commercial, ‘for-hire’ purposes. These are typically ‘charter’ flights which are compensated. Comparable to Part 121(Commercial Airlines... ... a ‘grass-roots’ approach by which each individual is given a portion of the responsibility for security. This method commonly practiced in airports, where regular concerned citizens report suspicious activity and items to security personnel. This method has proven successful in the realization of lowered accident rates in the GA community as stated by Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety Nicolas Sabatini "This record is due to a dedicated commitment to safety by everyone in general aviation." (Sweet 2006) It is important to keep a level headed perspective when dealing with issues of security, especially in the aviation field. At times, the knee-jerk reactionary rules imposed by the TSA may, very well, ensure the security of the issue, but a careful balance must be struck between this dogged need for security and essential opportunity for nurtured growth.

Economic Basis of African Slavery in the United States

Economic Basis of African Slavery in the United States In early American history slave owners were mainly of the Christian faith and believed in the literal truth of the Bible. They felt that many quotes in the bible gave them a â€Å"right† to use slaves for prophet. One such quote comes from Colossians 3:22 â€Å"Slaves, obey your earthly masters in everything; and do it, not only when their eye is on you and to win their favor, but with sincerity of heart and reverence for the Lord. † There are several economic factors contributing to African slavery in the United States, three of which will be discussed. Tariffs are one major economic factor that contributed to slavery in the US. The United States federal government taxed imports at rates from 5 to 15 percent, the taxes were primarily designed to create revenue to pay expenses and part of the national debt that the federal government had. These tariffs increase the price of items brought into the US from overseas. As the shipping costs rose and the taxes increased as well as the need for the importers to make a profit as well, the costs of these imported goods became too high and the demand for US products grew. Such products as Cotton and Tobacco could be grown and harvested in the US and sold at a far lower price, and slaves were used to harvest these products and avoid the tariffs. Avoiding many of the costs of importing these types of products and using slaves to harvest them allowed the owners of the slaves to make the money they needed to survive and become wealthy. Another major economic factor contributing to the growth of slavery in the US was the high demand of cotton. In 1793 the invention of the cotton gin, which separated the cotton seeds from the fiber, made it possible for plantation owners to produce more cotton products faster but the harvesting of the cotton could not keep up, more and more slaves were used to harvest the cotton just to keep up with the gin capacity. Once again not having to pay the slaves allowed the plantation owners to become wealthier and maintain a lifestyle they have become accustom to. As time continued, the southern economy became reliant on an Agricultural economy and the growth of agriculture is another economic factor in contributing to slavery in the US. Southern Plantation owners not only were heavy in cotton and tobacco but also started growing rice, corn, wheat, hemp and sugar. In order for the economy to grow the plantations needed to grow, and as the plantations grow so did the number of slaves. Slavery grew to maintain an economy based on agriculture, once again using unpaid slaves allowed owners to continue to get wealthy and maintain there lifestyle. As the slave trade grew so did the relationship between the Plantation owners and the slave traders so much so that exporting became a factor in the economy of slavery in the US. With the so called free labor that slaves brought to the plantations, the owners were able to produce items at such a cheap rate they could sell them as exports to other countries and make money. The cost of these goods in other countries were more expensive to produce mainly because of the cost of labor, where in the south labor was done by slaves. The plantation owners and the slave traders were able to come to agreements allowing both parties the ability to make money, Plantation owners sold goods to other countries and Traders hauled the product back and forth overseas for a profit. Tariffs, cotton, tobacco and an economy based on agriculture, as well as additional income due to exports are a few major factors that contributed to slavery in the United States. The issue of slavery divided the Southern part of the states from the Northern. The North separated themselves as an economy based on industry instead of Agriculture. As Abraham Lincoln campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed it made the northern states conclude that slavery was morally wrong and should come to an end. The southern states wondered how an economy could survive without slaves, not enough money to pay workers to harvest the product and maintain there lifestyle. Slavery was one of many reasons for the Civil War, which had a lasting effect on early America. While it is unfair to say slavery was the only cause of the civil war I believe that many of the causes can be attributed to slavery. I will list three causes to the civil war which barely touches the surface of what I think is one of the most misunderstood wars. The causes I chose are ones that involve slavery in one way or another. First the Dred Scott decision, Dred Scott v. Sandford,(1857), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants whether or not they were slaves were not protected by the Constitution and could never be citizens of the United States. It also held that the United States Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories. The Court also ruled that because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court. Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves as chattel or private property could not be taken away from their owners without due process. The Supreme Court's decision was written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney. Opponents of slavery attacked the Dred Scott decision. In the Albany, New York, Evening Journal they combined two themes and â€Å"denounced the decision as both an offense to the principles of liberty on which the nation was founded, and a victory for slave states over the free states†. This decision divided the north and the south even more deeply the south was clearly a winner in this decision as it help maintain the need for slavery, while the north became even more angered with the south. Second, John Brown’s raid was an attempt by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859. Brown's raid was defeated by a detachment of U. S. Marines led by Col. Robert E. Lee. The intent of the raid was to arm rebellious slaves and allowing them to strike fear into the slaveholders of Virginia. Brown and others were charged with treason and hung in Virginia once again angering politicians in the north. Third the election of Abraham Lincoln, while it is well known that Lincoln was opposed to slavery and the slave trade, he did say that a war would not be waged to abolish slavery but as a way to strengthen the Union. The South did not believe him and felt he was only interested in what was best for the north and thus proceeded to succeed from the union, while South Carolina was the first many others followed, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. This â€Å"declaration of Secession. † Made it clear that he north and south had divided and the only way to become one was to go to war. Citations Peter Kolchin, B. A. , Ph. D 2009 retrieved August 9, 2009, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761580652_3/Slavery_in_the_United_States. html Martin Kelly 2009 retrieved August 12, 2009 from http://americanhistory. about. com/od/civilwarmenu/a/cause_ civil_war. htm Swain, Gwenyth, 2004, Dred and Harriet Scott: A Family's Struggle for Freedom. Saint Paul, MN: Borealis Books. Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, 1974, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

Electoral College Criticisms, Effects, And Context

Electoral College: Criticisms, Effects, and Context The Electoral College has been losing favor for years, but recent elections have created all-new debates about its use and value. The institution has existed almost since American elections have existed, and it is deeply intertwined with the issue of political parties. American voting is highly bureaucratized. The Electoral College betrays American values of majority rule: a candidate can win the election without a majority of popular votes; some states are overrepresented; and a large number of citizens get left out, thus, the Electoral College should be abolished or reformed. In the 1796 and 1800 elections, problems occurred that inspired the separation of votes for the president and the vice president. However, this event also brought forth the idea that a presidential candidate and vice presidential candidate should run together on a â€Å"ticket† to represent a national party (Korzi 7). This is relevant to the Electoral College because the Electoral College, at least the modern one, runs based on political parties. The deeply flawed Electoral College came about as a response to something else, and so Americans need to have a solid plan in place before they just do away with the voting system they have had for a significant amount of time. While it may seem as if no efforts have been made to reform or abolish the Electoral College, the fact is that several proposed constitutional amendments have been attempts to doShow MoreRelatedPolitical Turncoatism9214 Words   |  37 Pagesdifferent flaws in the Philippine Party System. Each party did not vote as a party but individually. In times of elections, one party will attack the other by attacking the personality of a member of the opponents and not that of the programs or criticism of the platforms set forth. During these times, propaganda against a politician is always a common scenario. The Philippine Political system seems to be a game of personalities. What does this mirror in the political and socio-cultural facet ofRead MoreA Linguistic Analysis of Obama’s Inaugural Address9492 Words   |  38 Pagesthe idea that the composition of the speech has an aim to create a unity of the speaker and the audience in order to deliver the message. Moreover, the speaker maintains the atmosphere of unity throughout the speech, so that the speech produces an effect when the audience becomes a co-author of it. My thesis will also discuss some aspects of persuasive strategies employed in the speech from those dating back as long as Ancient Greece to temporal discourses. The aim is to analyze how the use of a numberRead MoreMaratabat Among Muslims3631 Words   |  15 PagesMaratabat among Maranaos A Proposal Presented to PROF. TALIB BENITO Faculty of the IS Department College of KFCIAAS Mindanao State University Marawi City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the course Shariah 198 (Methods of Research) 2nd Semester, 2012-2013 By: AZIZAH B. CUARO MAY 2012 Introduction The Maranaos are traditional people whose rich cultural practices continue to perplex even social scientists. Their resistance to change is seen not onlyRead MoreCOM3702 Portfolio10930 Words   |  44 Pagesadministrative procedures and technical specifications. Regulation can be internal as well as external. In the former case, we are usually speaking of `self-regulation, where internal controls are applied, sometimes in response to public pressure or criticism from outside. 2. MEDIA POLICY AND REGULATION 2.1 History of communication policy 2.1.1 Emerging communications industry policy. In South Africa, postal services, and later also telegraphic and telephony, were regarded from the outset as publicRead MoreNstp Handouts13038 Words   |  53 PagesMilitary Academy (PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine Academy ( PMMA), National Defense College of the Philippines ( NDCP), Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) and other schools similar stature, in view of the character of their institutions, shall not be covered by the NSTP. National Service Training Program: Introduction. . . Source: Social Action Office, DLS-College of St. Benilde. NSTP Civic Welfare Training Service Handout Module 1: Values ClarificationRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagesas the uses and gratifications (UG) approach is generally recognized to be a subtradition of media effects research (McQuail, 1994). Early in the history of communications research, an approach was developed to study the gratifications that attract and hold audiences to the kinds of media and the types of content that satisfy their social and psychological needs (Cantril, 1942). Much early effects research adopted the experimental or quasi-experimental approach, in which communication conditionsRead MoreTraditional African Family19679 Words   |  79 Pagesover twenty years. The coverage of theories and research in each subsequent edition has been unrivalled for accuracy and detail. These lesson plans aim to provide guidance on using the sixth edition of Sociology Themes and Perspectives in a teaching context by offering practical classroom support for teachers. Three lesson plans are provided for each chapter. One of these is a glossary exercise that will help students come to terms with the conceptual base of the subject and allow them to build a runningRead MoreMian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif9919 Words   |  40 PagesPakistan Railway High School, Moghalpura, and Lahore. Both passed Matric from this school in 1964 and 1965 respectively. Nawaz Sharif got admission in the Government College of Lahore. He obtained his B.A. degree after appearing in the supplementary examination. He attained his Bachelor of Law degre e from the Punjab University Law College, which is also in Lahore. Business enterprise: Ittefaq Group He is a joint owner of Ittefaq Group. Ittefaq Group is one of the largest business conglomerates in PakistanRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesnon-Rastafarians tend to be puzzled by the movement. And yet there is little question that it has come to deï ¬ ne Jamaican culture in ways that few people can understand. The value of examining the history of Rastafarianism and placing it in the larger context of social, political, and religious resistance to colonial hegemony cannot be underestimated. What we discover in this book is that there is nothing absurd or farfetched or insane about Rastafarianism. Its formation is part of the genius of anRead MoreTheoretical Framework on- Non Governmental Organisations and International Non Governmental Organisations (Support Base, Funding Pattern and Relation with State)9266 Words   |  38 Pagesbureaucratic elite.(Orbis, 2007, p-219) NGOs are by definition undemocratic and unrepresentative organizations, since they are neither elected nor paid by the populations of the countries where they operate. They therefore are insulated from both electoral and marketplace mechanisms of control. Nomenclature One point of discussion here is about the word N.G.O. The ‘N.G.O’, was a term coined by the U.N.O mainly to indicate the difference between the sovereign nation-states which are its direct members